Distillation I MIT Digital Lab Techniques Manual
[MUSIC PLAYING] PROFESSOR: While working in the laboratory, you will often be required to separate liquid mixtures or to purify liquid from non-volatile substances. This separation and purification can be done by utilizing the liquid's boiling point through a technique called distillation. Distillation works through the processes of vaporization and condensation. Vaporization is the transformation of a liquid to a gas, and condensation is the conversion of a gaseous species into a liquid. To perform a distillation, a mixture of two miscible liquids is heated until the liquid with the higher vapor pressure reaches its boiling point. This vapor travels up the inside of the flask, through a distilling head, and into a condenser. The cold water jacket on the condenser transforms the vapor back into liquid, which then travels into the receiving flask. In this manner, distillation effectively separates lower boiling point compounds from higher boiling point compounds. Three...