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BRANDON LESHCHINSKIY: Instead of trying to convince the other person or persuade the other person, listen. Help them empty their heart and express why they're frustrated with the situation. And then they'll be more likely to listen to your own experiences and more receptive to why you think climate change matters and is relevant. SARAH HANSEN: Today on Chalk Radio, we're exploring climate action and how one nonprofit is providing a framework for young people to help effect change. BRANDON LESHCHINSKIY: The thing about teaching young people, in particular, is that young people are open-minded to new material, but they're mature enough to understand fairly complex concepts. Ultimately, we hope that Ambassadors will teach students, students will teach families, and families will demand action. SARAH HANSEN: I'm your host, Sarah Hansen. With us today is Brandon Leshchinskiy, a graduate student in a technology and policy master's program and the aeronau...

PROFESSOR: Instead of building all of our logic functions directly in CMOS, it is easier for us to create a higher level of abstraction known as Boolean gates, which represent CMOS gates. Each gate is assigned a symbol, which can then be used in schematic diagrams that combine multiple logic gates together. In order to be able to understand what function any combination of logic gates will produce, we will begin by reviewing the basic gates together with the truth tables that define their logic. We begin with an inverter. An inverter is a gate that has a single input and a single output. The output is simply the inverse of the input. When A equals 0, Y equals 1. And when A equals 1, Y equals 0. Next, we examine AND and OR gates. The AND function expects all of its inputs to be true, or 1, in order to produce a 1 as its output. So its truth table is for A, B equals 0, 0, Y equals 0. For A, B equals 0, 1, Y equals 0. For A, B equals 1, 0, y equals 0. And for A, B equal 1, 1...