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PROFESSOR: Good morning. Come on down. All right. So last time, we talked about the first couple of steps of the central dogma. The central dogma is this name given to the statement DNA goes to DNA by replication. DNA goes to RNA by the process of transcription. We call it transcription because it's such a direct copying of letter to letter. RNA goes to protein by a process of translation, because translation is the kind of word we would use between two different languages. And there are two different languages-- the languages of nucleotides and the language of amino acids. For what it's worth, it's name, the central dogma, goes back to Francis Crick, who called this the central dogma. He did it in a kind of a light-hearted way, although others since then have criticized it, saying, oh, this is dogmatic. Actually, Crick said not that DNA goes to RNA goes to the protein. He says that all information flows from nucleic acids to proteins and not back again. Becau...

TODD GOLUB: So I come at this actually originally from a pediatric oncology perspective. So I'm going to start by giving examples of a couple of patients that I saw in the Jimmy Fund clinic at the Dana-Farber that were typical. So the first patient was a nine-year-old girl who presented to her pediatrician with-- turn these off? With a fever and bruises. She got a blood test and then a bone marrow test that revealed that her bone marrow had been replaced by acute leukemia cells-- acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, or ALL. And so she was enrolled on what was a standard chemotherapy protocol, which was nine different drugs in rotation and combination. She entered remission in three weeks and is still alive and well. And then, a few months later, there is a second patient-- this kid happened to be a boy, about the same age-- same presentation, same diagnosis-- acute lymphoblastic leukemia-- was enrolled on the same treatment protocol. So got the same drugs. Same hospita...

PROFESSOR: OK, so we've come to the last lecture. So what I want to do is let's do some overview of what we went through to make sure that everybody's-- remembers, basically, from the beginning, talk a little bit about the project, and a little bit about what you can use this class material for. I mean, this is at least my view. After talking to a few people who have been taking this class over the years, where they have been using it. And I think-- so you don't just completely the minute you finish the next quiz completely forget about everything and just move on. And if I have time, I will go and talk about current research. So if you're interested in compiler stuff, to give you a flavor of this is great, what you learn, you actually got a good sliver of what compilers are all about. But what happens today in the research community? Just touch on some of that. And hopefully, we'll have some time for discussion and feedback. So this is where we st...