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[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID HSU: Welcome to another lecture in my series on urban energy systems and policy. Welcome back. Today I'd like to talk about cities and building energy policies. This is an area that I think is really interesting for cities, but also representative of energy efficiency efforts in general. And so what I'll take you through today is how me and many other people in New York City help develop building energy policies that we see continue to be aggressive today. And just to give you a sense of how this fits in a larger landscape around environmental policy instruments and energy efficiency, this is from a chapter by Peter May in 2003. This is the sort of thing I'd read in graduate school quite a bit, maybe, at the time. And a lot of the debate at the time was about command and control regulation. What could government simply command the industry or private actors to do? And of course, a lot of debate at the time when I was in ...

[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID HSU: My name is David Hsu. I'm a Professor of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT. This is another installment of my class on Urban Energy Systems and Policy. Thank you for joining me. Today, we're going to give the third lecture on transportation, and I'm going to talk about transportation systems. In the first lecture, we talked about transportation technologies from a personal transport standpoint. We used that to build up our understanding of the technologies involved. In the last class, I talked about policy analysis and how to analyze transportation systems. We talked about it mostly on an equity basis. Today, I want to talk about it on an efficiency basis and use efficiency to talk about what cities can do, what cities can do to affect a transportation system that is governed at the local level, but also, the regional, state, and federal level, also. So the materials for today are on the syllabus. I'm going to s...

[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID HSU: I'd like to welcome you to another installment or another lecture in my MIT class on urban energy systems. My name is David Hsu, I'm an associate professor of urban studies and planning at MIT, and this week we're going to talk about cities and transportation systems. In our last lecture, we talked about electric vehicles and why certain new technologies are much more efficient than our previous internal combustion engine or fossil fuel using technologies, and how we need to achieve electrification to achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions. Today, I want to talk about transportation systems. And I want to take a different attack or a different tack on the subject of transportation systems. We'll start with policy analysis. Here's the materials for today. They're all in the syllabus. And what I want to talk about is policy analysis. Quite often what we teach in public policy schools or urban planning scho...